Goldman Sachs interview questions

Design Dropbox or Google Drive

Large file transfers with small metadata transactions: resumable uploads, offline conflicts, reliable change feeds, and shared subtrees whose permissions change as files move.

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Apple, Autodesk +17

access-control · change-data-capture · conflict-resolution · data-versioning

Last reported Jun 2025

Next Greater Element III

Find the smallest integer greater than n that uses exactly the same digits (i.e., the next lexicographic permutation of n's digits); return -1 if no…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Meta

Last reported Jun 2025

Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum

Find the maximum sum of any non-empty connected path in a binary tree (nodes used at most once), where the path can start and end…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Datadog, DoorDash +4

Binary Tree · Depth-First Search · DP on Trees · Dynamic Programming

Container With Most Water

Given heights of vertical lines at unit-spaced x-coordinates, pick two indices i<j to maximize the area min(height[i],height[j])*(j-i). With n up to 1e5, the problem requires…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Bloomberg, Cisco +4

Array · Greedy · Two Pointers

Count Paths That Can Form a Palindrome in a Tree

Count pairs of nodes in a rooted tree whose path edge-letters can be rearranged into a palindrome — equivalently, the multiset of letters on the…

Companies: Goldman Sachs

Bit Manipulation · Depth-First Search · Hash Table · Tree

Daily Temperatures

For each day in an array of daily temperatures, determine how many days you must wait until a warmer temperature appears (or 0 if none)…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Anduril, Chime

Array · Monotonic Stack · Stack

Design HashMap

Implement a HashMap for integer keys/values without using built-in hash table libraries that supports put, get, and remove operations. The core challenge is to design…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Anduril, Canva, Chewy +2

Array · Design · Hash Function · Hash Table

Domino and Tromino Tiling

Count the number of ways to tile a 2×n board using 2×1 dominoes and L-shaped trominoes (rotations allowed), returning the result modulo 10^9+7. The core…

Companies: Goldman Sachs

Dynamic Programming

Find the Winner of an Array Game

Given an array of distinct integers, repeatedly compare the first two elements, keeping the larger at the front and moving the smaller to the back…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon

Array · Simulation

Find the Winner of the Circular Game

Given n people seated in a circle, repeatedly remove every k-th person clockwise until one remains and return their label — the classic Josephus problem…

Companies: Goldman Sachs

Array · Math · Queue · Recursion

Fraction to Recurring Decimal

Convert a fraction to its decimal string form, enclosing any repeating fractional cycle in parentheses. The core challenge is simulating long division while handling sign…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Meta

Hash Table · Math · String

Gas Station

Given two arrays gas and cost around a circular route, find the unique starting station index from which you can travel clockwise once without your…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Adobe, Bloomberg, Expedia +2

Array · Greedy

High Five

Given a list of (studentId, score) pairs, compute each student's average of their top five scores and return the results as (studentId, average) sorted by…

Companies: Goldman Sachs

Array · Hash Table · Heap (Priority Queue) · Sorting

LFU Cache

Implement an LFU cache with O(1) average-time get and put operations that evicts the least-frequently-used key when capacity is exceeded, breaking ties by least-recently-used…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Apple, Cisco +3

Design · Doubly-Linked List · Hash Table · Linked List

Longest Palindromic Subsequence

Find the length of the longest subsequence of s that reads the same forwards and backwards — a classic dynamic programming problem (equivalently LCS between…

Companies: Goldman Sachs

Dynamic Programming · String

Longest Palindromic Substring

Given a string s, return the longest substring that reads the same forwards and backwards. The core challenge is efficiently finding palindromic spans around centers…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Adobe, Amazon, Bloomberg +6

Dynamic Programming · Manacher · String · Two Pointers

Longest Repeating Character Replacement

Find the length of the longest substring that can be turned into all the same letter by performing at most k character replacements; this is…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, D. E. Shaw, Meta, Microsoft +1

Hash Table · Sliding Window · String

Make Lexicographically Smallest Array by Swapping Elements

You may swap two indices iff their values differ by at most limit; compute the lexicographically smallest array obtainable by any sequence of such swaps…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Uber

Array · Sorting · Union-Find

Median of Two Sorted Arrays

Find the median of two sorted arrays in O(log(m+n)) time by using binary search to partition the arrays so the left half contains the correct…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Bloomberg, eBay +5

Array · Binary Search · Divide and Conquer

Merge Intervals

Given a list of intervals, merge all overlapping (including touching endpoints) intervals and return the minimal set of non-overlapping intervals that cover them. Key pattern…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Antithesis, Apple +16

Array · Quicksort · Sorting

Minimum Path Sum

Given an m×n grid of non-negative numbers, find the minimum-sum path from the top-left to bottom-right when you may only move right or down. This…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Oracle

Array · Dynamic Programming · Matrix

Number of Islands

Count the number of islands (4-directionally connected components of '1's) in an m×n binary grid. This is a connected-components/flood-fill problem typically solved with…

Companies: Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Anduril, Apple +16

Array · Breadth-First Search · Depth-First Search · Matrix